Caspase

Inhibitory Selectivity

Isoform-specific Inhibitors

Caspase Products

All (36) Caspase Inhibitors (15) Caspase Activators (17) Caspase Modulators (3) Caspase Chemicals (1) New Caspase Products

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2417	20-Hydroxyecdysone 20-Hydroxyecdysone (Ecdysterone, 20E, B-ecdysone, Commisterone, Crustecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods.20-Hydroxyecdysone (Ecdysterone, 20E) inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP.	Arch Insect Biochem Physiol, 2021, e21824 PLoS Genet, 2021, 17(2):e1009352 PLoS Biol, 2019, 17(10):e3000145
S7023	Z-VAD-FMK Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor, blocks all features of apoptosis in THP.1 and Jurkat T-cells.	Mol Cell, 2022, 82(6):1140-1155.e11 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2022, e2105506 Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):846	(A and B) Western blot analysis examining the effect of zVAD-fmk on the icaritin-induced apoptosis. The caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk could significantly decrease the icaritin-induced cleaved caspase-3 expression. β-Actin protein levels indicate that an equal amount of protein was loaded into each lane.n=3. Mean±SD. bP<0.05, compared to the control group. eP<0.05, compared to the icaritin-treated group.
S9817^New	Ac-FLTD-CMK Ac-FLTD-CMK is a specific inhibitor for inflammatory caspases. Ac-FLTD-CMK inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspases-1, -4, -5, and -11 in vitro. Ac-FLTD-CMK is effective against caspases-1, caspases-4 and caspases-5 with IC50 of 46.7 nM, 1.49 μM and 329 nM, respectively.
S7314	Z-IETD-FMK Z-IETD-FMK (Caspase-8 Inhibitor, Z-IE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK) is a specific Caspase-8 inhibitor.	Mol Cell, 2022, S1097-2765(22)00219-2 Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021, e2102666	The caspase-8 inhibitors do not rescue NB4 cells from TPEN-triggered apoptosis. NB4 cells were pre-treated with 50 μM Z-ITED-FMK or 100 μM Ac-IETD-CHO for 1 h, and then treated with 5 μM TPEN for 24 h. (A) Cell morphology was observed and recorded using an optical microscope. The scale bar represents 20 μm. A partiallty enlarged view was shown in the lower left corner of every picture. (B) Apoptosis rate was measured with Annexin V/PI dual staining by flow cytometry.
S7313	Z-LEHD-FMK TFA Z-LEHD-FMK TFA (Caspase-9 Inhibitor) is a cell-permeable, competitive and irreversible inhibitor of enzyme caspase-9, which helps in cell survival.	Res Vet Sci, 2022, 143:124-133 Sci Adv, 2021, 7(25)eabf8577 Acta Pharm Sin B, 2021, 11(6):1513-1525
S3267	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin, Nikotoflorin, Kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, alters the shape and structure of injured neurons, decreases the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulates expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3, and Bax and decreases Bax immunoredactivity, and increases Bcl-2 protein expression and immunoreactivity.
S7312	Z-DEVD-FMK Z-DEVD-FMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor) is a specific, irreversible Caspase-3 inhibitor, and also shows potent inhibition on caspase-6, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-10.	Cells, 2022, 11(1)134 Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 J Inflamm Res, 2021, 14:3969-3983	(J,K)After pre-treated with Caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK 50μM, the apoptotic rates of cells induced by E Platinum in BGC-823, MGC-803, and SGC-7901 cells were detected by Annexin V/PI double-staining assay. Ann.V-/PI- as healthy cells, Ann.+/PI- as early apoptotic cells, Ann.+/PI+ probably as late apoptotic cells. Data were shown as means SD for three independent experiments (P<0.05 and *P<0.01 compared with control, ##P<0.01 compared to Z-DEVD-FMK+40 μM E Platinum group with treatment of 40 μM E Platinum).
S7311	Q-VD-Oph Q-VD-Oph (Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone) is a potent pan-caspase inhibitor with IC50 ranged from 25 to 400 nM for caspases 1,3,8, and 9. Q-VD-OPh can inhibits HIV infection.	Cancer Res, 2022, canres.0218.2021 Dev Cell, 2022, S1534-5807(22)00122-8 Front Immunol, 2022, 13:794776	UA and Q-VD-Oph attenuated TNF-α-induced unclear translocation of NF-κB (C) and P-STAT3(S727) (D) in BEAS-2B cells.
S3275	Senkyunolide I Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) is an orally active compound isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong with analgesic, anti-migraine, neuroprotective, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis activities. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) up-regulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation with enhanced HO-1 and NQO1 expressions. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) promotes the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibits the expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9.	Cell Commun Signal, 2021, 19(1):115
S8507	Z-YVAD-FMK Z-YVAD-FMK is a cell-permeable and irreversible caspase-1 specific inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.	Transl Oncol, 2021, 14(1):100982 Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 127:110151 Biol Pharm Bull, 2020, 43(10):1481-1489
S8102	Z-VAD(OH)-FMK (Caspase Inhibitor VI) Z-VAD(OH)-FMK (Caspase Inhibitor VI) is an irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.	EMBO Rep, 2021, 22(2):e51162 Int J Biol Sci, 2021, 17(2):589-602 Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(2):140	Effect on the RAS of CFZ, z-VAD-fmk, or CFZ+z-VAD-fmk treatments administered 5 or 12 days after C26 inoculation and control groups. Serum levels of a renin and b ANGII. c The mRNA expression of ATF2. d Western blot analysis of ATF2 and pATF2. e pATF2-to-ATF2 ratio. Significant differences were detected between most of the groups, with the exceptionsof (A and B) CP and UT (D) and ZP and ZT (#); and (C and E) CP and UP (*), CT and UT (#), and HC, ZP, ZT and CC (&). ZP:z-VAD-fmk.
S9075	Mulberroside A Mulberroside A, isolated from the ethanol extract of Morus alba roots, is widely employed as an active ingredient in cosmetic products due to its anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38.
S7901	Ac-DEVD-CHO Ac-DEVD-CHO (Caspase-3 Inhibitor I, N-Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO) is a potent aldehyde inhibitor of Group II caspases with Ki values of 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM for for caspase-3 and caspase-7, respectively. Weak inhibition for caspase-2.	Mol Cell Biochem, 2022, 10.1007/s11010-021-04295-y Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 CHEM ENG J, 2021, 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130083	Microwave (MW) hyperthermia triggers cell death through caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. H460, PC-9 and H1975 cells were treated with or without Ac-DEVD-CHO for 3 h prior to MW hyperthermia (43°C for 90 min), then allowed to recover at 37°C until 24 h. (A) Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. P<0.05 vs. the control group, *P<0.01 vs. the control group.
S5579	Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.
S5584	Citronellol Citronellol (Dihydrogeraniol, (±)-β-Citronellol), a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents. Citronellol can cause necrotic apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells by up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1 / RIP3 activities, and down-regulating caspase-3 / caspase-8 activities. Citronellol also results in a biphasic increase in ROS production at 1 h and at 12 h in NCI-H1299 cells.
S2738	PAC-1 PAC-1 is a potent procaspase-3 activator with EC50 of 0.22 μM and the first small molecule known to directly activate procaspase-3 to caspase-3.	Sci Adv, 2022, 8(4):eabi7711 Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):846 Nature, 2021, 10.1038/s41586-021-03785-9	The effects of PAC-1 (activator of ROS) administration on the newborn pups' weight and the plasma IGF-1 and ROS levels in graviditas gp91phox-/- mice. The values are presented as the means ± SD derived from six animals. *P<0.05 in comparison to the non-treatment mice.
S2891	GW441756 GW441756 is a potent, selective inhibitor of TrkA with IC50 of 2 nM, with very little activity to c-Raf1 and CDK2. GW441756 produces a relevant increase of caspase-3 that leads to apoptosis.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2021, 85(3):675-686 Cancer Res, 2020, canres.1992.2020 Mol Neurobiol, 2020, 10.1007/s12035-020-02156-1	Thermal latency and mechanical allodynia were normalized in the RTXw1 + 4MC group (n= 6). In these mice, thermal hypoalgesia reappeared within 2 days of GW441756 injection (D). GW441756 did not affect mechanical thresholds (E) in the RTXw1 + 4MC group. (F, G) The diagrams show behavioral responses of naïve mice to either gambogic amide (open square, n = 6) or GW441756 (open circle, n =6). Gambogic amide induced mild thermal hyperalgesia within 2 days of injection but GW441756 did not affect thermal latencies (F). Both gambogic amide and GW441756 did not affect mechanical responses. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and **P < 0.001: paired t-test comparing preinjection vs. postinjection effects. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001: between drugs and saline treatments.
S2927	Apoptosis Activator 2 Apoptosis Activator 2 strongly induces caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation which leads to the destruction of cells (Apaf-1 dependent) with IC50 of ~4 μM, inactive to HMEC, PREC, or MCF-10A cells.	Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5):7096-7119 J Agric Food Chem, 2021, 69(13):3942-3951 Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)184
S6899	Licochalcone D Licochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.
S0913	4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone (5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone, TMF) is a flavonoid isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that induces apoptosis. 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone increases sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining and Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, activates caspase-3 and degrades poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein.
S6501	NVP 231 NVP 231 is a novel CerK inhibitor that inhibits the catalytic activity of recombinant CerK in vitro with an IC50 of 12 nM. NVP 231 induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage.
S3238	Resibufogenin Resibufogenin (Bufogenin, Recibufogenin), a component of huachansu with anticancer effect, triggers necroptosis through upregulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein at Ser358. Resibufogenin exerts cytotoxic effect by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Resibufogenin induces apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. Resibufogenin increases Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and suppresses cyclin D1, cyclin E, PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein expression.
S9276	Alisol B Alisol B, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax up-regulation and nuclear translocation, the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase-9, and executor caspase-3, suggesting the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
S2271	Berberine chloride (NSC 646666) Berberine chloride (NSC 646666, Natural Yellow 18) is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201 Molecules, 2021, 26(5)1210 Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(3)250
S2448	Gambogic Acid Gambogic Acid (Guttatic Acid, Guttic Acid, Beta-Guttiferrin) activates caspases with EC50 of 0.78-1.64 μM and competitively inhibits Bcl-X_L, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50 of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM, respectively.	Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0775
S5967	Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) chloride hydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201
S0354	Alsterpaullone Alsterpaullone (Alp, 9-Nitropaullone, NSC 705701) is a potent inhibitor of CDK with IC50 of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also acts as a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 of both 4 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-9. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity and possesses potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders.
S4513	RGD peptide (GRGDNP) RGD peptide (GRGDNP) is an inhibitor of binding of integrins to the extracellular matrixs. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) induces apoptosis presumably through direct activation of caspase-3.
S9097	Alisol B Acetate Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax up-regulation and nuclear translocation, the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase-9, and executor caspase-3, suggesting the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
S6990	Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3.
S9634	Phenoxodiol (Haginin E) Phenoxodiol (Haginin E, Idronoxil, Dehydroequol, NV 06, PXD) is an isoflavone analog with antineoplastic activity that activates the caspase system, inhibits XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), and disrupts FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II.	Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(10):5709-5716
S3865	Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (Taurochenodeoxycholate, TCDCA, Chenodeoxycholyltaurine), a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.	Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):6479 Microbiome, 2019, 7(1):145
S3224	Cinobufagin Cinobufagin (Cinobufagine), an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. Cinobufagin increases ATM and Chk2 and decreases CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B. Cinobufagin inhibits PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 while increases levels of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis.
S6882	HI-TOPK-032 HI-TOPK-032 is a potent and specific inhibitor of TOPK. HI-TOPK-032 also reduces ERK-RSK phosphorylation, regulates of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
S3088	(±)-Methyl Jasmonate (±)-Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA, Methyl jasmonate, Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate), a phytohormone that acts as a vital cell regulator in plants, is a new candidate for the treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), modulating the expression of the major classes of caspase-type protease families.
S8487^New	AP20187 AP20187 (B/B Homodimerizer) is a chemical inducer of dimerization that activates FKBP-Casp8.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2417	20-Hydroxyecdysone 20-Hydroxyecdysone (Ecdysterone, 20E, B-ecdysone, Commisterone, Crustecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods.20-Hydroxyecdysone (Ecdysterone, 20E) inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP.	Arch Insect Biochem Physiol, 2021, e21824 PLoS Genet, 2021, 17(2):e1009352 PLoS Biol, 2019, 17(10):e3000145
S7023	Z-VAD-FMK Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor, blocks all features of apoptosis in THP.1 and Jurkat T-cells.	Mol Cell, 2022, 82(6):1140-1155.e11 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2022, e2105506 Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):846	(A and B) Western blot analysis examining the effect of zVAD-fmk on the icaritin-induced apoptosis. The caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk could significantly decrease the icaritin-induced cleaved caspase-3 expression. β-Actin protein levels indicate that an equal amount of protein was loaded into each lane.n=3. Mean±SD. bP<0.05, compared to the control group. eP<0.05, compared to the icaritin-treated group.
S9817^New	Ac-FLTD-CMK Ac-FLTD-CMK is a specific inhibitor for inflammatory caspases. Ac-FLTD-CMK inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspases-1, -4, -5, and -11 in vitro. Ac-FLTD-CMK is effective against caspases-1, caspases-4 and caspases-5 with IC50 of 46.7 nM, 1.49 μM and 329 nM, respectively.
S7314	Z-IETD-FMK Z-IETD-FMK (Caspase-8 Inhibitor, Z-IE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK) is a specific Caspase-8 inhibitor.	Mol Cell, 2022, S1097-2765(22)00219-2 Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021, e2102666	The caspase-8 inhibitors do not rescue NB4 cells from TPEN-triggered apoptosis. NB4 cells were pre-treated with 50 μM Z-ITED-FMK or 100 μM Ac-IETD-CHO for 1 h, and then treated with 5 μM TPEN for 24 h. (A) Cell morphology was observed and recorded using an optical microscope. The scale bar represents 20 μm. A partiallty enlarged view was shown in the lower left corner of every picture. (B) Apoptosis rate was measured with Annexin V/PI dual staining by flow cytometry.
S7313	Z-LEHD-FMK TFA Z-LEHD-FMK TFA (Caspase-9 Inhibitor) is a cell-permeable, competitive and irreversible inhibitor of enzyme caspase-9, which helps in cell survival.	Res Vet Sci, 2022, 143:124-133 Sci Adv, 2021, 7(25)eabf8577 Acta Pharm Sin B, 2021, 11(6):1513-1525
S3267	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin, Nikotoflorin, Kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, alters the shape and structure of injured neurons, decreases the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulates expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3, and Bax and decreases Bax immunoredactivity, and increases Bcl-2 protein expression and immunoreactivity.
S7312	Z-DEVD-FMK Z-DEVD-FMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor) is a specific, irreversible Caspase-3 inhibitor, and also shows potent inhibition on caspase-6, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-10.	Cells, 2022, 11(1)134 Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 J Inflamm Res, 2021, 14:3969-3983	(J,K)After pre-treated with Caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK 50μM, the apoptotic rates of cells induced by E Platinum in BGC-823, MGC-803, and SGC-7901 cells were detected by Annexin V/PI double-staining assay. Ann.V-/PI- as healthy cells, Ann.+/PI- as early apoptotic cells, Ann.+/PI+ probably as late apoptotic cells. Data were shown as means SD for three independent experiments (P<0.05 and *P<0.01 compared with control, ##P<0.01 compared to Z-DEVD-FMK+40 μM E Platinum group with treatment of 40 μM E Platinum).
S7311	Q-VD-Oph Q-VD-Oph (Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone) is a potent pan-caspase inhibitor with IC50 ranged from 25 to 400 nM for caspases 1,3,8, and 9. Q-VD-OPh can inhibits HIV infection.	Cancer Res, 2022, canres.0218.2021 Dev Cell, 2022, S1534-5807(22)00122-8 Front Immunol, 2022, 13:794776	UA and Q-VD-Oph attenuated TNF-α-induced unclear translocation of NF-κB (C) and P-STAT3(S727) (D) in BEAS-2B cells.
S3275	Senkyunolide I Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) is an orally active compound isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong with analgesic, anti-migraine, neuroprotective, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis activities. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) up-regulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation with enhanced HO-1 and NQO1 expressions. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) promotes the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibits the expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9.	Cell Commun Signal, 2021, 19(1):115
S8507	Z-YVAD-FMK Z-YVAD-FMK is a cell-permeable and irreversible caspase-1 specific inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.	Transl Oncol, 2021, 14(1):100982 Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 127:110151 Biol Pharm Bull, 2020, 43(10):1481-1489
S8102	Z-VAD(OH)-FMK (Caspase Inhibitor VI) Z-VAD(OH)-FMK (Caspase Inhibitor VI) is an irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.	EMBO Rep, 2021, 22(2):e51162 Int J Biol Sci, 2021, 17(2):589-602 Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(2):140	Effect on the RAS of CFZ, z-VAD-fmk, or CFZ+z-VAD-fmk treatments administered 5 or 12 days after C26 inoculation and control groups. Serum levels of a renin and b ANGII. c The mRNA expression of ATF2. d Western blot analysis of ATF2 and pATF2. e pATF2-to-ATF2 ratio. Significant differences were detected between most of the groups, with the exceptionsof (A and B) CP and UT (D) and ZP and ZT (#); and (C and E) CP and UP (*), CT and UT (#), and HC, ZP, ZT and CC (&). ZP:z-VAD-fmk.
S9075	Mulberroside A Mulberroside A, isolated from the ethanol extract of Morus alba roots, is widely employed as an active ingredient in cosmetic products due to its anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38.
S7901	Ac-DEVD-CHO Ac-DEVD-CHO (Caspase-3 Inhibitor I, N-Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO) is a potent aldehyde inhibitor of Group II caspases with Ki values of 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM for for caspase-3 and caspase-7, respectively. Weak inhibition for caspase-2.	Mol Cell Biochem, 2022, 10.1007/s11010-021-04295-y Sci Transl Med, 2021, 13(604)eabb1069 CHEM ENG J, 2021, 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130083	Microwave (MW) hyperthermia triggers cell death through caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. H460, PC-9 and H1975 cells were treated with or without Ac-DEVD-CHO for 3 h prior to MW hyperthermia (43°C for 90 min), then allowed to recover at 37°C until 24 h. (A) Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. P<0.05 vs. the control group, *P<0.01 vs. the control group.
S5579	Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.
S5584	Citronellol Citronellol (Dihydrogeraniol, (±)-β-Citronellol), a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents. Citronellol can cause necrotic apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells by up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1 / RIP3 activities, and down-regulating caspase-3 / caspase-8 activities. Citronellol also results in a biphasic increase in ROS production at 1 h and at 12 h in NCI-H1299 cells.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2738	PAC-1 PAC-1 is a potent procaspase-3 activator with EC50 of 0.22 μM and the first small molecule known to directly activate procaspase-3 to caspase-3.	Sci Adv, 2022, 8(4):eabi7711 Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):846 Nature, 2021, 10.1038/s41586-021-03785-9	The effects of PAC-1 (activator of ROS) administration on the newborn pups' weight and the plasma IGF-1 and ROS levels in graviditas gp91phox-/- mice. The values are presented as the means ± SD derived from six animals. *P<0.05 in comparison to the non-treatment mice.
S2891	GW441756 GW441756 is a potent, selective inhibitor of TrkA with IC50 of 2 nM, with very little activity to c-Raf1 and CDK2. GW441756 produces a relevant increase of caspase-3 that leads to apoptosis.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2021, 85(3):675-686 Cancer Res, 2020, canres.1992.2020 Mol Neurobiol, 2020, 10.1007/s12035-020-02156-1	Thermal latency and mechanical allodynia were normalized in the RTXw1 + 4MC group (n= 6). In these mice, thermal hypoalgesia reappeared within 2 days of GW441756 injection (D). GW441756 did not affect mechanical thresholds (E) in the RTXw1 + 4MC group. (F, G) The diagrams show behavioral responses of naïve mice to either gambogic amide (open square, n = 6) or GW441756 (open circle, n =6). Gambogic amide induced mild thermal hyperalgesia within 2 days of injection but GW441756 did not affect thermal latencies (F). Both gambogic amide and GW441756 did not affect mechanical responses. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and **P < 0.001: paired t-test comparing preinjection vs. postinjection effects. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001: between drugs and saline treatments.
S2927	Apoptosis Activator 2 Apoptosis Activator 2 strongly induces caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation which leads to the destruction of cells (Apaf-1 dependent) with IC50 of ~4 μM, inactive to HMEC, PREC, or MCF-10A cells.	Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5):7096-7119 J Agric Food Chem, 2021, 69(13):3942-3951 Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)184
S6899	Licochalcone D Licochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.
S0913	4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone (5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone, TMF) is a flavonoid isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that induces apoptosis. 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone increases sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining and Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, activates caspase-3 and degrades poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein.
S6501	NVP 231 NVP 231 is a novel CerK inhibitor that inhibits the catalytic activity of recombinant CerK in vitro with an IC50 of 12 nM. NVP 231 induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage.
S3238	Resibufogenin Resibufogenin (Bufogenin, Recibufogenin), a component of huachansu with anticancer effect, triggers necroptosis through upregulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein at Ser358. Resibufogenin exerts cytotoxic effect by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Resibufogenin induces apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. Resibufogenin increases Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and suppresses cyclin D1, cyclin E, PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein expression.
S9276	Alisol B Alisol B, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax up-regulation and nuclear translocation, the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase-9, and executor caspase-3, suggesting the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
S2271	Berberine chloride (NSC 646666) Berberine chloride (NSC 646666, Natural Yellow 18) is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201 Molecules, 2021, 26(5)1210 Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(3)250
S2448	Gambogic Acid Gambogic Acid (Guttatic Acid, Guttic Acid, Beta-Guttiferrin) activates caspases with EC50 of 0.78-1.64 μM and competitively inhibits Bcl-X_L, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50 of 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 μM, respectively.	Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0775
S5967	Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) chloride hydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201
S0354	Alsterpaullone Alsterpaullone (Alp, 9-Nitropaullone, NSC 705701) is a potent inhibitor of CDK with IC50 of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also acts as a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 of both 4 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-9. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity and possesses potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders.
S4513	RGD peptide (GRGDNP) RGD peptide (GRGDNP) is an inhibitor of binding of integrins to the extracellular matrixs. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) induces apoptosis presumably through direct activation of caspase-3.
S9097	Alisol B Acetate Alisol B acetate, a triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma, induces Bax up-regulation and nuclear translocation, the activation of initiator caspase-8 and caspase-9, and executor caspase-3, suggesting the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
S6990	Phytohemagglutinin Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3.
S9634	Phenoxodiol (Haginin E) Phenoxodiol (Haginin E, Idronoxil, Dehydroequol, NV 06, PXD) is an isoflavone analog with antineoplastic activity that activates the caspase system, inhibits XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), and disrupts FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II.	Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(10):5709-5716
S3865	Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (Taurochenodeoxycholate, TCDCA, Chenodeoxycholyltaurine), a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.	Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):6479 Microbiome, 2019, 7(1):145

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S3224	Cinobufagin Cinobufagin (Cinobufagine), an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. Cinobufagin increases ATM and Chk2 and decreases CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B. Cinobufagin inhibits PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 while increases levels of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis.
S6882	HI-TOPK-032 HI-TOPK-032 is a potent and specific inhibitor of TOPK. HI-TOPK-032 also reduces ERK-RSK phosphorylation, regulates of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
S3088	(±)-Methyl Jasmonate (±)-Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA, Methyl jasmonate, Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate), a phytohormone that acts as a vital cell regulator in plants, is a new candidate for the treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), modulating the expression of the major classes of caspase-type protease families.

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Product Validations

S3224

Cinobufagin

Cinobufagin (Cinobufagine), an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. Cinobufagin increases ATM and Chk2 and decreases CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B. Cinobufagin inhibits PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 while increases levels of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis.

S6882

HI-TOPK-032

HI-TOPK-032 is a potent and specific inhibitor of TOPK. HI-TOPK-032 also reduces ERK-RSK phosphorylation, regulates of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

S3088

(±)-Methyl Jasmonate

(±)-Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA, Methyl jasmonate, Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate), a phytohormone that acts as a vital cell regulator in plants, is a new candidate for the treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), modulating the expression of the major classes of caspase-type protease families.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S8487^New	AP20187 AP20187 (B/B Homodimerizer) is a chemical inducer of dimerization that activates FKBP-Casp8.

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S8487^New

AP20187

AP20187 (B/B Homodimerizer) is a chemical inducer of dimerization that activates FKBP-Casp8.

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