mTOR
Inhibitory Selectivity
Isoform-specific Inhibitors
mTOR Products
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1555 |
AZD8055AZD8055 is a novel ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 nM in MDA-MB-468 cells with excellent selectivity (∼1,000-fold) against PI3K isoforms and ATM/DNA-PK. AZD8055 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and also induces autophagy. Phase 1. |
mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 activates PI3K accompanied with induction of expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and IRS1. Serum-deprived CHO-EGFP-AKT cells were incubated with 50 nM AZD8055 for 24 hr. The EGFP signal was detected using confocal microscopy. The white arrows indicate EGFP-AKT located on cellular membrane.
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| S1038 |
PI-103PI-103 is a multi-targeted PI3K inhibitor for p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 2 nM/3 nM/3 nM/15 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to mTOR/DNA-PK with IC50 of 30 nM/23 nM. PI-103 induces apoptosis in murine T-cell Lymphoma. |
We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.
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| S1226 |
KU-0063794KU-0063794 is a potent and highly specific dual-mTOR inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50 of ~10 nM in cell-free assays; no effect on PI3Ks. |
Effects of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors on IGF1R and AKT signaling in RMS cells. Rh41 cells were treated with 0.3 uM PI3K inhibitor BKM120, 0.3 uM mTOR inhibitor KU0063794 for the indicated time. Lysates were made and analyzed for p-AKT, S6RP and IGF1R.
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| S2827 |
Torin 1Torin 1 is a potent inhibitor of mTORC1/2 with IC50 of 2 nM/10 nM in cell-free assays; exhibits 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3K. |
Huh-7.5 cells were treated with increasing concentration of Torin 1, a known autophagy inducer, and the autophagy response was assessed by measuring LC3II and p62 levels.
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| S2624 |
OSI-027OSI-027 (ASP4786, CERC 006, AEVI-006) is a selective and potent dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50 of 22 nM and 65 nM in cell-free assays, and more than 100-fold selectivity observed for mTOR than PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ or DNA-PK. OSI-027 induces autophagy in cancer cells. Phase 1. |
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| S3355New |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA, 3-HANA), a tryptophan metabolite, has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activity, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. |
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| S2743 |
PF-04691502PF-04691502 (PF4691502) is an ATP-competitive PI3K(α/β/δ/γ)/mTOR dual inhibitor with Ki of 1.8 nM/2.1 nM/1.6 nM/1.9 nM and 16 nM in cell-free assays, little activity against either Vps34, AKT, PDK1, p70S6K, MEK, ERK, p38, or JNK. PF-04691502 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
BMDMs from WT animals were treated with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitors (500 nmol/L PF4691502, PI-103, BKM120 and 25 μmol/L SF1126) followed by hypoxia for 4 hours for Western blots. These macrophages were either used for lysate preparation (nuclear extracts for HIFα or WCE for pAKT and AKT) and Western blot analysis.
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| S1360 |
GSK1059615GSK1059615 is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kα/β/δ/γ (reversible) and mTOR with IC50 of 0.4 nM/0.6 nM/2 nM/5 nM and 12 nM, respectively. Phase 1. |
Breast cancer cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 15 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of GSK1059615 for 24 hours.
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| S1266 |
WYE-354WYE-354 is a potent, specific and ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 5 nM, blocks mTORC1/P-S6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) not P-AKT(T308), selective for mTOR than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of WYE-354 for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
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| S2817 |
Torin 2Torin 2 is a potent and selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.25 nM in p53−/− MEFs cell line; 800-fold greater selectivity for mTOR than PI3K and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Inhibition of ATM/ATR/DNA-PK with EC50 of 28 nM/35 nM/118 nM,in PC3 cell lines respectively. Torin 2 decreases cell viability and induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/Pi before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.
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| S2749 |
BGT226 (NVP-BGT226) maleateBGT226 (NVP-BGT226) maleate is a novel class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for PI3Kα/β/γ with IC50 of 4 nM/63 nM/38 nM. Phase 1/2. |
IGROV1-R10 cells were treated with BGT266(250nM) for 8 h.The effect of BGT226 on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation (A) and on expression of Mcl-1 and Bim (B). |
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| S2622 |
PP121PP-121 is a multi-targeted inhibitor of PDGFR, Hck, mTOR, VEGFR2, Src and Abl with IC50 of 2 nM, 8 nM, 10 nM, 12 nM, 14 nM and 18 nM, also inhibits DNA-PK with IC50 of 60 nM. |
PP121 induces apoptosis in ATC cells. CAL62 cells were treated with PP121 at the indicated concentrations for 48 h, followed by PI staining. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst and analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. The representative images are shown.
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| S2668 |
WYE-687WYE-687 is an ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 7 nM; blocks mTORC1/pS6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) but no effect observed on P-AKT(T308). Selectivity for mTOR is greater than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
Immunofluorescent double staining for K19 and pHH3 on HepG2 cells in non-coated condition, Ln-332 coated condition or Ln-332 coated condition supplemented with mTOR inhibitors (either rapamycin or WYE-687; n = 4). |
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| S2689 |
WAY-600WAY-600 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 9 nM; blocks mTORC1/P-S6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) but not P-AKT(T308); selective for mTOR than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
WAY-600 blocks mTORC1/2 activation, but activates MEK-ERK signaling in HCC cells. HepG2 cells or primary HCC cells (“Pnt-2”) were treated with WAY-600 (“WAY”, 100 nM) for 1 h, mTOR-Raptor-Rictor association was tested by co-immunoprecipitation assay (A, for HepG2 cells), expression of listed kinases (p- and regular) was tested by Western blots (BeE).
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| S8050 |
ETP-46464ETP-46464 is a potent and selective inhibitor of ATR with IC50 of 25 nM. |
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| S7035 |
XL388XL388 is a highly potent, selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 9.9 nM, 1000-fold selectivity over the closely related PI3K kinases. |
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| S7369 |
4EGI-14EGI-1 is a competitive eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor by binding to eIF4E with KD of 25 μM. 4EGI-1 specifically inhibits the function of mTOR by blocking the activation of 4E-BP1. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis. |
Hep3B and PC3 cells were treated with 50 μmol/L 4EGI-1 or 5 μmol/L ABT alone or their combination for 48 hours, and then the cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. p, phosphorylated; t, total; T, Thr; S, Ser; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
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| S6506 |
Compound 401Compound 401 is a synthetic inhibitor of DNA-PK(IC50=0.28 μM) and mTOR (IC50=5.3 μM). It has no inhibition on p110α/p85α PI3K (>100 μM) and blocks the phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 Thr389 and Akt Ser473 in COS7 cells. |
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| S7891 |
CC-115CC-115 is a dual inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with IC50 values of 0.013 μM and 0.021 μM, respectively. It has potential antineoplastic activity. |
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| S8163 |
Paxalisib (GDC-0084)Paxalisib (GDC-0084, RG7666) is a brain penetrant inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR with Kiapp values of 2 nM, 46 nM, 3 nM, 10 nM and 70 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ and mTOR. |
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| S8298 |
CZ415CZ415, a potent ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with very good cell permeability. |
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| S2406 |
Chrysophanic AcidChrysophanic Acid (Chrysophanol) a natural anthraquinone isolated from Dianella longifolia, is a EGFR/mTOR pathway inhibitor. |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h, A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Chrysophanic acid for 3h,followed by 15-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF |
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| S9611 |
ABTL-0812ABTL0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid, LP-10218, SCLN-0812) inhibits Akt/mTOR axis by inducing the overexpression of TRIB3 and activating autophagy in lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. ABTL0812 also induces AMPK activation and ROS accumulation. |
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| S8784 |
PQR620PQR620 is a novel, selective, orally bioavailable and brain penetrant dual TORC1/2 inhibitor. PQR620 has anti-tumor activity across 56 lymphoma models with a median IC50 of 250 nM after 72 h of exposure. |
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| S6516 |
GNE-477GNE-477 is a potent and efficacious dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM for PI3Kα and Kiapp of 21 nM for mTOR. |
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| S6517 |
GNE-493GNE-493 (compound 5) is a potent, selective and orally available dual inhibitor of pan-PI3-kinase and mTOR with IC50 of 3.4 nM, 12 nM, 16 nM, 16 nM and 32 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ and mTOR, respectively. |
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| S7811 |
MHY1485MHY1485 is a potent, and cell-permeable mTOR activator, and also potently inhibits autophagy. |
Exosomal miR-124-3p inhibited neuronal inflammation by suppressing the activity of mTOR signaling. A, B) Immunoblot (A) and quantitative (B) data of p-4E-BP1 and p-P70S6K in neurons after scratch injury and exosomal treatment. Their expression was increased after scratch injury and was suppressed by miR-124-3p–up-regulated exosomes, suggesting that miR-124-3p suppresses the activity of mTOR signaling (n = 6/group). ##P < 0.01 vs. control group; **P < 0.01 vs. injury group. C) Expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the culture medium were detected in the 3 groups of neurons: injured neurons (injury group), injured neurons treated with miR-124-3p–up-regulated exosomes (I+Exo-124), and injured neurons treated with miR-124-3p-up-regulated exosomes and the mTOR activator (MHY1485). Compared with the I+Exo-124 group, the MHY1485 group represented an increased expression on proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and a decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), suggesting that MHY1485 blocks the anti-inflammatory effect of miR-124-3p in injured neurons. Thus, the inhibitory effect of exosomal miR-124-3p on neuronal inflammation was exerted by suppressing the activity of mTOR signaling (n = 6/group). #P < 0.05 vs. injury group; *P < 0.05 vs. I+Exo-124 group.
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| S9514 |
Rotundic acidRotundic acid (Rutundic acid), a natural compound, exhibit cytotoxic activities toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), malignant melanoma (A375), SCLC (NCI-H446), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines.RA induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis by modulating the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1555 |
AZD8055AZD8055 is a novel ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 nM in MDA-MB-468 cells with excellent selectivity (∼1,000-fold) against PI3K isoforms and ATM/DNA-PK. AZD8055 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and also induces autophagy. Phase 1. |
mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 activates PI3K accompanied with induction of expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and IRS1. Serum-deprived CHO-EGFP-AKT cells were incubated with 50 nM AZD8055 for 24 hr. The EGFP signal was detected using confocal microscopy. The white arrows indicate EGFP-AKT located on cellular membrane.
|
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| S1038 |
PI-103PI-103 is a multi-targeted PI3K inhibitor for p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 2 nM/3 nM/3 nM/15 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to mTOR/DNA-PK with IC50 of 30 nM/23 nM. PI-103 induces apoptosis in murine T-cell Lymphoma. |
We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.
|
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| S1226 |
KU-0063794KU-0063794 is a potent and highly specific dual-mTOR inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50 of ~10 nM in cell-free assays; no effect on PI3Ks. |
Effects of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors on IGF1R and AKT signaling in RMS cells. Rh41 cells were treated with 0.3 uM PI3K inhibitor BKM120, 0.3 uM mTOR inhibitor KU0063794 for the indicated time. Lysates were made and analyzed for p-AKT, S6RP and IGF1R.
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| S2827 |
Torin 1Torin 1 is a potent inhibitor of mTORC1/2 with IC50 of 2 nM/10 nM in cell-free assays; exhibits 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3K. |
Huh-7.5 cells were treated with increasing concentration of Torin 1, a known autophagy inducer, and the autophagy response was assessed by measuring LC3II and p62 levels.
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| S2624 |
OSI-027OSI-027 (ASP4786, CERC 006, AEVI-006) is a selective and potent dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50 of 22 nM and 65 nM in cell-free assays, and more than 100-fold selectivity observed for mTOR than PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ or DNA-PK. OSI-027 induces autophagy in cancer cells. Phase 1. |
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| S3355New |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA, 3-HANA), a tryptophan metabolite, has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activity, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. |
||
| S2743 |
PF-04691502PF-04691502 (PF4691502) is an ATP-competitive PI3K(α/β/δ/γ)/mTOR dual inhibitor with Ki of 1.8 nM/2.1 nM/1.6 nM/1.9 nM and 16 nM in cell-free assays, little activity against either Vps34, AKT, PDK1, p70S6K, MEK, ERK, p38, or JNK. PF-04691502 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
BMDMs from WT animals were treated with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitors (500 nmol/L PF4691502, PI-103, BKM120 and 25 μmol/L SF1126) followed by hypoxia for 4 hours for Western blots. These macrophages were either used for lysate preparation (nuclear extracts for HIFα or WCE for pAKT and AKT) and Western blot analysis.
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| S1360 |
GSK1059615GSK1059615 is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kα/β/δ/γ (reversible) and mTOR with IC50 of 0.4 nM/0.6 nM/2 nM/5 nM and 12 nM, respectively. Phase 1. |
Breast cancer cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 15 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of GSK1059615 for 24 hours.
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| S1266 |
WYE-354WYE-354 is a potent, specific and ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 5 nM, blocks mTORC1/P-S6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) not P-AKT(T308), selective for mTOR than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of WYE-354 for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
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| S2817 |
Torin 2Torin 2 is a potent and selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.25 nM in p53−/− MEFs cell line; 800-fold greater selectivity for mTOR than PI3K and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Inhibition of ATM/ATR/DNA-PK with EC50 of 28 nM/35 nM/118 nM,in PC3 cell lines respectively. Torin 2 decreases cell viability and induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/Pi before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.
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| S2749 |
BGT226 (NVP-BGT226) maleateBGT226 (NVP-BGT226) maleate is a novel class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for PI3Kα/β/γ with IC50 of 4 nM/63 nM/38 nM. Phase 1/2. |
IGROV1-R10 cells were treated with BGT266(250nM) for 8 h.The effect of BGT226 on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation (A) and on expression of Mcl-1 and Bim (B). |
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| S2622 |
PP121PP-121 is a multi-targeted inhibitor of PDGFR, Hck, mTOR, VEGFR2, Src and Abl with IC50 of 2 nM, 8 nM, 10 nM, 12 nM, 14 nM and 18 nM, also inhibits DNA-PK with IC50 of 60 nM. |
PP121 induces apoptosis in ATC cells. CAL62 cells were treated with PP121 at the indicated concentrations for 48 h, followed by PI staining. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst and analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. The representative images are shown.
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| S2668 |
WYE-687WYE-687 is an ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 7 nM; blocks mTORC1/pS6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) but no effect observed on P-AKT(T308). Selectivity for mTOR is greater than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
Immunofluorescent double staining for K19 and pHH3 on HepG2 cells in non-coated condition, Ln-332 coated condition or Ln-332 coated condition supplemented with mTOR inhibitors (either rapamycin or WYE-687; n = 4). |
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| S2689 |
WAY-600WAY-600 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 9 nM; blocks mTORC1/P-S6K(T389) and mTORC2/P-AKT(S473) but not P-AKT(T308); selective for mTOR than PI3Kα (>100-fold) and PI3Kγ (>500-fold). |
WAY-600 blocks mTORC1/2 activation, but activates MEK-ERK signaling in HCC cells. HepG2 cells or primary HCC cells (“Pnt-2”) were treated with WAY-600 (“WAY”, 100 nM) for 1 h, mTOR-Raptor-Rictor association was tested by co-immunoprecipitation assay (A, for HepG2 cells), expression of listed kinases (p- and regular) was tested by Western blots (BeE).
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| S8050 |
ETP-46464ETP-46464 is a potent and selective inhibitor of ATR with IC50 of 25 nM. |
||
| S7035 |
XL388XL388 is a highly potent, selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR with IC50 of 9.9 nM, 1000-fold selectivity over the closely related PI3K kinases. |
||
| S7369 |
4EGI-14EGI-1 is a competitive eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor by binding to eIF4E with KD of 25 μM. 4EGI-1 specifically inhibits the function of mTOR by blocking the activation of 4E-BP1. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis. |
Hep3B and PC3 cells were treated with 50 μmol/L 4EGI-1 or 5 μmol/L ABT alone or their combination for 48 hours, and then the cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. p, phosphorylated; t, total; T, Thr; S, Ser; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
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| S6506 |
Compound 401Compound 401 is a synthetic inhibitor of DNA-PK(IC50=0.28 μM) and mTOR (IC50=5.3 μM). It has no inhibition on p110α/p85α PI3K (>100 μM) and blocks the phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 Thr389 and Akt Ser473 in COS7 cells. |
||
| S7891 |
CC-115CC-115 is a dual inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with IC50 values of 0.013 μM and 0.021 μM, respectively. It has potential antineoplastic activity. |
||
| S8163 |
Paxalisib (GDC-0084)Paxalisib (GDC-0084, RG7666) is a brain penetrant inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR with Kiapp values of 2 nM, 46 nM, 3 nM, 10 nM and 70 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ and mTOR. |
||
| S8298 |
CZ415CZ415, a potent ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with very good cell permeability. |
||
| S2406 |
Chrysophanic AcidChrysophanic Acid (Chrysophanol) a natural anthraquinone isolated from Dianella longifolia, is a EGFR/mTOR pathway inhibitor. |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h, A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Chrysophanic acid for 3h,followed by 15-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF |
|
| S9611 |
ABTL-0812ABTL0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid, LP-10218, SCLN-0812) inhibits Akt/mTOR axis by inducing the overexpression of TRIB3 and activating autophagy in lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. ABTL0812 also induces AMPK activation and ROS accumulation. |
||
| S8784 |
PQR620PQR620 is a novel, selective, orally bioavailable and brain penetrant dual TORC1/2 inhibitor. PQR620 has anti-tumor activity across 56 lymphoma models with a median IC50 of 250 nM after 72 h of exposure. |
||
| S6516 |
GNE-477GNE-477 is a potent and efficacious dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM for PI3Kα and Kiapp of 21 nM for mTOR. |
||
| S6517 |
GNE-493GNE-493 (compound 5) is a potent, selective and orally available dual inhibitor of pan-PI3-kinase and mTOR with IC50 of 3.4 nM, 12 nM, 16 nM, 16 nM and 32 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ and mTOR, respectively. |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S7811 |
MHY1485MHY1485 is a potent, and cell-permeable mTOR activator, and also potently inhibits autophagy. |
Exosomal miR-124-3p inhibited neuronal inflammation by suppressing the activity of mTOR signaling. A, B) Immunoblot (A) and quantitative (B) data of p-4E-BP1 and p-P70S6K in neurons after scratch injury and exosomal treatment. Their expression was increased after scratch injury and was suppressed by miR-124-3p–up-regulated exosomes, suggesting that miR-124-3p suppresses the activity of mTOR signaling (n = 6/group). ##P < 0.01 vs. control group; **P < 0.01 vs. injury group. C) Expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the culture medium were detected in the 3 groups of neurons: injured neurons (injury group), injured neurons treated with miR-124-3p–up-regulated exosomes (I+Exo-124), and injured neurons treated with miR-124-3p-up-regulated exosomes and the mTOR activator (MHY1485). Compared with the I+Exo-124 group, the MHY1485 group represented an increased expression on proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and a decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), suggesting that MHY1485 blocks the anti-inflammatory effect of miR-124-3p in injured neurons. Thus, the inhibitory effect of exosomal miR-124-3p on neuronal inflammation was exerted by suppressing the activity of mTOR signaling (n = 6/group). #P < 0.05 vs. injury group; *P < 0.05 vs. I+Exo-124 group.
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| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S9514 |
Rotundic acidRotundic acid (Rutundic acid), a natural compound, exhibit cytotoxic activities toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), malignant melanoma (A375), SCLC (NCI-H446), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines.RA induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis by modulating the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. |
